Interconnect / computer architecture

Mesh Network-on-Chip

Buffered mesh routers with deterministic routing, fair output arbitration, stable grants under backpressure, and packet-level contention experiments.

A three-by-three non-wrapping mesh connects routers horizontally and vertically.04 / BUFFERED MESH FABRICXY ROUTING / INPUT FIFOS / LOCKED GRANTS

PROJECT CONCEPT / INTERCONNECT / COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

Contribution
RTL implementation & verification
Context
Independent architecture study
Period
2026

The idea

Compute units need a communication fabric that preserves data when traffic converges and consumers stall. This project builds a mesh from small, inspectable routers and measures the consequences of contention.

The approach

Each five-port router buffers its inputs, routes in X before Y, and arbitrates independently for each output. A grant stays locked while stalled. The traffic environment injects unique packets and checks their exact identity, payload, destination, and delivery time.

Engineering work

  • Implemented parameterized FIFOs, five-port routers, neighbor links, and non-wrapping mesh boundaries.
  • Added per-output round-robin arbitration with retained ownership during backpressure.
  • Ran uniform, complement, hotspot, and ring-destination workloads on 2×2, 3×2, and 3×3 meshes.
  • Checked packet conservation and integrity while measuring accepted-injection latency and finite-workload delivery rate.

What the results show

A hotspot can dominate network behavior even when most links are lightly used. In the selected 3×3 experiment, mean accepted-packet latency rises from 8.448 clocks for uniform traffic to 67.872 for hotspot traffic under the same offer and sink settings.

Verification evidence

Results from actual RTL simulation and generic synthesis
Traffic experiments48
Packets checked33,120
Tested mesh sizes2×2 / 3×2 / 3×3
RoutingDeterministic XY

Each project includes a documented test plan and coverage gaps. Simulation checks the supplied workloads; generic cell counts are not physical area, timing, or power measurements.

Reproduce the result

Download the source, install the open-source tools, and run from the collection root:

make noc
make lint
make synth
make report

Explore the complete documentation